An Evaluation of the On-Reserve Housing Policy and the On-Reserve Residences Program

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Reserves have long been a site of social hardship, from residential schools to the Sixties Scoop, but they also remain places where Indigenous languages are spoken and cultural practices survive. For many people, reserves are home – a place of family and community where they can live the way they want and enjoy life to its fullest.

Although conditions have improved over time, on-reserve Aboriginals continue to live below the standard of living experienced by the general Canadian population. They are more likely to live in crowded homes that are unsuitable for their needs, and their children have lower levels of educational achievement compared to those who live in cities.

To address this, INAC developed a program in the 1960s to provide subsidies for housing on reserve. In 1996, this became the current On-Reserve Housing Policy. The evaluation examines the design and impact of this policy as well as related programs such as formula-based funding, and contribution and proposal-based initiatives that work around land and property acquisition limitations imposed by the Indian Act. This evaluation is one of the first to focus on the impact of these policies on the quality and stability of housing on reserves. It identifies a range of issues that are of importance to the future of the On-Reserve Housing Policy and to the quality of life on reserves.reserve residences

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